reference back ( );
const_reference back ( ) const; 

Access last element

Returns a reference to the last element in the container.

Unlike member deque::end, which returns an iterator just past this element, this function returns a direct reference.

Parameters

Return value

Member types reference and const_reference are the reference types to the elements of the container (for the default storage allocation model, allocator, these are T& and const T& respectively).

Example

// deque::back
#include <iostream>
#include <deque>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  deque<int> mydeque;

  mydeque.push_back(10);

  while (mydeque.back() != 0)
  {
    mydeque.push_back ( mydeque.back() -1 );
  }

  cout << "mydeque contains:";
  for (unsigned i=0; i<mydeque.size() ; i++)
    cout << " " << mydeque[i];

  cout << endl;

  return 0;
}

Output:

mydeque contains: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Complexity

See also